Install Benchmark Network
4 hoursPlace GPS and tilt benchmarks on stable flanks away from active vents.
Intermediate1-3 days
Volcano Deformation Survey Guide
Complete volcano deformation survey guide for volcanology practitioners. Step-by-step workflow with 4 stages and 3 specialized tools. Covers install benchmark network, collect baseline positions, compute displacement vectors.
volcanologistsgeodesy students
Workflow
Collect Baseline Positions
1 dayRecord continuous GPS or repeat EDM lines to stable points.
Compute Displacement Vectors
3 hoursDerive horizontal and vertical motion rates relative to stable site.
Compare To Inflation Thresholds
2 hoursPlot cumulative displacement against alert-level criteria.
Tools Used
Checklist
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Planning
Preparation
Baseline
Execution
Quality
Tracking
Reference Materials
Deformation StandardStandard
Report vector components, reference frame, and uncertainty ellipses per IAVCEI guidance.
Mogi SourceFormula
ΔV = (4/3)π R³ (Δh/h) relates uplift to magma volume change.
Alert ThresholdsTable
Typical monitoring thresholds.
| Signal | Yellow | Orange |
|---|---|---|
| Tilt | >5 µrad/d | >15 µrad/d |
| GPS | >10 mm/d | >25 mm/d |
Reference Photos
Take photos at each stage to track progress and troubleshoot if results differ from expectations.
Documentation
Record settings, measurements, and techniques that produced good results for future reference.
Material Hazards
Read material safety data sheets before handling unfamiliar materials or chemicals.
Safety Notes
- Never enter exclusion zones without observatory authorization.
- Carry gas mask when SO₂ plumes are present.