Map Hydrozones by Plant Water Need
2 hoursGroup turf, beds, and drought-tolerant areas into separate valve zones based on sun and soil type.
Intermediate1-2 weeks
Irrigation System Design
Complete guide for irrigation system design — step-by-step workflow, tools, checklist, and expert tips to get started.
irrigation installersgardeners
Workflow
Layout Heads for Head-to-Head Coverage
Half dayPlace sprinklers so each head throws to the next, calculate GPM per zone, and size mainline pipe diameter.
Install Valves and Pressure-Test System
2 daysTrench pipe below frost line, wire controller, flush lines before attaching heads, and pressure-test each zone.
Program Controller and Measure Precipitation Rate
2 hoursSet run times from precipitation rate calculator output, tune for season, and add rain sensor or smart controller.
Tools Used
- Irrigation Sprinkler CoveragePrimary
Determines sprinkler spacing and precipitation rate for head-to-head coverage.
- Pipe Flow and Head Loss CalculatorPrimary
Sizes pipe diameter based on total GPM demand and velocity limits.
- Drainage Pipe SizingSupporting
Sizes overflow or drain lines for valve boxes and low points.
- Time Duration CalculatorReference
Converts precipitation rate targets into zone run minutes per week.
Checklist
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Compliance
Drainage
Materials
Planning
Execution
Documentation
Reference Materials
Sprinkler Precipitation RatesTable
Sprinkler Precipitation Rates
| Head Type | Precip (in/hr) | Spacing |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed spray | 1.5–2.0 | 12–15 ft |
| Rotor | 0.4–0.8 | 25–35 ft |
| Drip | 0.5–1.0 GPH/emitter | By plant |
Run TimeFormula
Run minutes = (weekly water need in) ÷ (precipitation rate in/hr) × 60.
Backflow PreventionStandard
Install approved backflow preventer on all potable water connections — code required.
Dig Once
Combine trenching for irrigation, drainage, and low-voltage lighting in one pass when possible.
Right Plant Right Place
Match plant mature size to spacing calculators — overcrowding creates maintenance debt for years.
PPE for Hardscape
Wear eye and ear protection when cutting pavers, blocks, or running plate compactors.
Safety Notes
- Call 811 before any digging to locate underground utilities.
- Consider drainage and grading — water flowing toward the foundation causes damage.